![]() ![]() Among the central questions is thus to what extent the global wolf population was subject to extinction processes or responded to climate change with new adaptations. Siberian wolves predating the LGM have ancestries that are largely basal to present-day diversity, which has led to suggestions that many pre-LGM wolf lineages went extinct 13, 14. Studies of present-day genomes have found that current population structure formed mostly in the last ~30,000–20,000 years 9, 10, 11, or roughly since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM ~28–23 thousand years ago (ka) 12). The grey wolf ( Canis lupus) has been present across most of the northern hemisphere for the last few hundred thousand years and, unlike many other large mammals, did not go extinct in the Late Pleistocene. None of the analysed ancient wolf genomes is a direct match for either of these dog ancestries, meaning that the exact progenitor populations remain to be located. However, we also found that dogs in the Near East and Africa derive up to half of their ancestry from a distinct population related to modern southwest Eurasian wolves, reflecting either an independent domestication process or admixture from local wolves. We show that dogs are overall more closely related to ancient wolves from eastern Eurasia than to those from western Eurasia, suggesting a domestication process in the east. This population connectivity allowed us to detect natural selection across the time series, including rapid fixation of mutations in the gene IFT88 40,000–30,000 years ago. We found that wolf populations were highly connected throughout the Late Pleistocene, with levels of differentiation an order of magnitude lower than they are today. ![]() Here we analysed 72 ancient wolf genomes spanning the last 100,000 years from Europe, Siberia and North America. ![]() Little is known, however, about the history and possible extinction of past wolf populations or when and where the wolf progenitors of the present-day dog lineage ( Canis familiaris) lived 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. The grey wolf ( Canis lupus) was the first species to give rise to a domestic population, and they remained widespread throughout the last Ice Age when many other large mammal species went extinct. Nature volume 607, pages 313–320 ( 2022) Cite this article Grey wolf genomic history reveals a dual ancestry of dogs ![]()
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