This action was clear evidence for the population of the Spaniards' belligerent intentions. The Spanish treacherously slaughtered their hosts during a religious ceremony in which no Aztec warrior bared arms. Cortés had Montezuma kidnapped and then forced him to pledge loyalty to the King of Spain. Cortés was invited to the capital city Tenochtitlan in the second contact, where Montezuma welcomed him. In the first contact, the Aztec Emperor, Montezuma II, displeased with Cortés's arrival, sent Cortés gold as a peace offering so that the conquistador would leave, but this only encouraged him to go further. The price was the destruction of the Aztec empire and the decimation of the indigenous people–more than 90% of the original population of Mesoamerica would die after that exchange. He gambled his destiny on finding riches no matter the cost for him and others. In 1519, Conquistador Hernán Cortés went to Central America intending to find gold, even disobeying the Spanish kings who ordered him to return. Age of Exploration Explorersįorcefully removing someone's culture and replacing it with one's own make them more like oneself. However, he is a national hero in Portugal because he won the European race to India by sea, which made them very wealthy. Da Gama returned to Portugal as a hero, but people in India tell another story, as they suffered his most ruthless side–even some considered him to be a murderous villain. He returned in 1502 with a fleet of ships which he used to capture and burn a pilgrimaging Muslim ship, murdering four hundred men, women, and children.Īfter da Gama continued to terrorize the Indian coast, Calicut's ruler signed a trade deal in exchange for peace. Da Gama could not strike a trade deal with the Indians because they preferred to trade with the Ottomans. In 1498, Vasco da Gama sailed around the Cape of Good Hope to Calicut, India. There wasn't much gold on Hispaniola, but he did not unburden them from his demand for riches. The islanders had to find a certain amount of gold dust, and if they could not, then Columbus had their hands chopped off. When Columbus returned, he enslaved them. When Columbus first arrived on the island, the Taino were kind and traded with him. The Taino people lived on the island of Hispaniola and spoke Arawak, like many of the Caribbean islanders. Columbus was released when he returned to Spain but was not given back the colony. In 1500, Francisco De Bobadilla arrested Columbus for his mismanagement of the colony and the mistreatment of the colonists and indigenous people. It was not long before he enslaved the Taino people and forced them to find gold. The Spanish Crown made Columbus governor of Hispaniola, and he established a colony on the island in 1493. He did "discover" several islands inhabited by indigenous people–although he never set foot on the continent. He made four voyages but never found the westward passage. Isabel of Castile and Ferdinand of Argon, the Spanish queen and king, sponsored Columbus in an attempt to find a westward passage to Asia. Christopher ColumbusĬhristopher Columbus, an Italian voyager, sailed across the Atlantic Ocean and landed on the island of Hispaniola ( La Española), what is modern-day Haiti, in 1492. This triangular-shaped sail allowed sailors to sail with or against the wind. It also had a lateen sail–based on a Muslim design. The caravel was a smaller ship which meant that it could sail quicker than larger ones.
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